Grid integration

Wind energy is a power generation source with variable output, but power systems have been designed to cope effectively with variations from both the supply and the demand side through their configuration, control systems and interconnection.

 

Understanding and predicting these variations is essential for successfully integrating wind power into the power system and to use it most efficiently, and continuous advances are being made in improving forecasting techniques.

The variations caused by wind energy are smoother than those of other generation sources because there are hundreds or thousands of units rather than a few large power stations, making it easier for the system operator to predict and manage changes in supply. Especially in large, interconnected grids, there is little overall impact if the wind stops blowing in one particular place.

The costs of the grid extension and reinforcement required for large-scale penetration of wind power are estimated at 0.1 to 4.7€/MWh. If properly socialised, the share for each household could be as little as 1€ per year.